Difference between revisions of "Velocity by Barrel Length of Various Calibers"

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|2" || 944 || 805 || 782 || 787
 
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== [[.32 H&R Magnum]] ==  
 
== [[.32 H&R Magnum]] ==  
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|18" || 1260
 
|18" || 1260
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|17" || 1186
 
|17" || 1186
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|16" || 1155
 
|16" || 1155
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|15" || 1224
 
|15" || 1224
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|14" || 1211
 
|14" || 1211
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|13" || 1221
 
|13" || 1221
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|12" || 1233
 
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|11" || 1219
 
|11" || 1219
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|10" || 1201
 
|10" || 1201
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|9" || 1223
 
|9" || 1223
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|8" || 1201
 
|8" || 1201
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|7" || 1156
 
|7" || 1156
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|6" || 1134
 
|6" || 1134
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|5" || 1114
 
|5" || 1114
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|4" || 1031
 
|4" || 1031
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|3" || 953
 
|3" || 953
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|2" || 845
 
|2" || 845
 
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|18" || 1503 || 1075
 
|18" || 1503 || 1075
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|17" || 1493 || 1082
 
|17" || 1493 || 1082
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|16" || 1463 || 1112
 
|16" || 1463 || 1112
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|15" || 1475 || 1100
 
|15" || 1475 || 1100
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|14" || 1459 || 1106
 
|14" || 1459 || 1106
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|13" || 1463 || 1076
 
|13" || 1463 || 1076
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|12" || 1464 || 1081
 
|12" || 1464 || 1081
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|11" || 1432 || 1068
 
|11" || 1432 || 1068
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|10" || 1419 || 1063
 
|10" || 1419 || 1063
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|9" || 1404 || 1054
 
|9" || 1404 || 1054
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|8" || 1389 || 1041
 
|8" || 1389 || 1041
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|7" || 1357 || 1028
 
|7" || 1357 || 1028
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|6" || 1310 || 988
 
|6" || 1310 || 988
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|5" || 1316 || 973
 
|5" || 1316 || 973
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|4" || 1237 || 965
 
|4" || 1237 || 965
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|3" || 1152 || 890
 
|3" || 1152 || 890
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|2" || 1068 || 831
 
|2" || 1068 || 831
 
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|-
 
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|18" || 1201
 
|18" || 1201
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|17" || 1229
 
|17" || 1229
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|16" || 1233
 
|16" || 1233
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|15" || 1221
 
|15" || 1221
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|14" || 1233
 
|14" || 1233
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|13" || 1225
 
|13" || 1225
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|12" || 1214
 
|12" || 1214
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|11" || 1211
 
|11" || 1211
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|10" || 1185
 
|10" || 1185
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|9" || 1148
 
|9" || 1148
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|8" || 1139
 
|8" || 1139
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|7" || 1136
 
|7" || 1136
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|6" || 1098
 
|6" || 1098
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|5" || 1085
 
|5" || 1085
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|4" || 1019
 
|4" || 1019
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|3" || 938
 
|3" || 938
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|2" || 860
 
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=== [[.460 Rowland]] ===
 
=== [[.460 Rowland]] ===

Revision as of 18:28, 25 March 2021

This page will examine barrel length to velocity differences for various calibers. We'll mostly stick to common calibers, but others will likely be added as well. But first, the concepts will be discussed below. The data will follow.

How Does Barrel Length Affect Velocity?

It is well-established fact that the length of a firearm's barrel will affect velocity (and therefore muzzle energy and even trajectory) to varying degrees. This is because the longer the propellant has had time to burn, the more of its maximum effect on the projectile can be utilized. Otherwise, energy will be wasted and propellant will likely burn off outside the barrel.

Why Does Barrel Length Affect Velocity?

This can depend on a number of factors, such as burn rate of the propellant, bore diameter, and probably others as well. The same caliber gun with the same barrel length could even show different results. For example, two revolvers of the same caliber and barrel length could differ in their amount of cylinder gap, allowing one to waste a bit more energy than the other. Likewise, semi-automatic or fully-automatic firearms will typically have lower muzzle velocity due to some of the propellant's energy being bled off into the gas system to work the action, and this can vary by individual firearm as well. Some guns, such as Heckler & Koch's integrally suppressed MP5SD are actually designed to bleed off excessive gas pressure to make sure any rounds they fire will remain subsonic! However, that is an edge case and can mostly be ignored as it pertains to the topic at hand.

We'll note various barrel lengths and load data on various calibers, from various sources.


.22 Long Rifle

Data for .22LR shown below is sourced from Ballistics by the Inch. A number of popular loads from major manufacturers were tested.

Barrel Length CCI 27 gr. CPHP CCI 29 gr. CPRN CCI Stinger: 32 gr. CPHP Remington Yellow Jacket 33 gr. (truncated cone, CPHP) Remington Viper 36 gr. (truncated cone CP) Remington Golden Bullet 36 gr. CPHP CCI Mini-Mag 40 gr. CPRN Winchester Super X 40 gr. RN CCI Velocitor 40 gr. CPHP Aguila Sniper SubSonic 60 gr. LRN
18" 1158 1114 1510 1407 1342 1181 1212 1250 1366 903
17" 1116 1060 1502 1396 1304 1178 1206 1227 1376 903
16" 1130 1094 1489 1398 1306 1185 1207 1251 1340 900
15" 1133 1083 1496 1369 1305 1178 1211 1241 1336 879
14" 1096 1103 1483 1334 1294 1163 1224 1222 1349 883
13" 1098 1071 1496 1381 1296 1147 1183 1248 1341 891
12" 1089 1074 1476 1334 1293 1167 1221 1235 1335 892
11" 1092 1079 1463 1360 1280 1180 1210 1223 1338 881
10" 1115 1065 1452 1304 1270 1150 1169 1193 1316 859
9" 1092 1042 1430 1315 1267 1129 1169 1203 1275 868
8" 1092 1048 1396 1271 1212 1101 1158 1191 1268 857
7" 1060 1056 1367 1284 1229 1073 1139 1162 1244 820
6" 1049 993 1321 1249 1165 1063 1101 1133 1093 824
5" 1029 1014 1286 1214 1156 1009 1097 1070 1172 796
4" 956 948 1191 1113 1104 984 1014 1043 1120 762
3" 907 893 1129 1045 998 890 948 965 1026 726
2" 861 860 974 945 875 846 856 862 882 663


.22 Magnum

The table below shows velocity and barrel length data for various .22 Magnum loadings. This data can be especially useful, since this cartridge has gained significant popularity for self-defense, especially in smaller revolvers. This information has been sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

Barrel Length CCI Game Point 40 gr. JSP CCI Maxi-Mag 40 gr. JHP CCI Maxi-Mag +V 30 gr. JHP CCI V-Max 30 gr. Polymer Tip Federal 30 gr. Speer TNT HP Fiocchi PSD 40 gr. JSP Fiocchi PSD 40 gr. JHP Hornady Critical Defense FTX 45 gr. Hornady V-Max 30 gr. Hornady NTX 25 gr. Winchester 30 gr. V-Max Polymer Tip
19" 1827 1999 2285 2348 2355 1908 1936 1773 2296 2265 2149
18" 1837 1985 2322 2298 2324 1920 1950 1764 2313 2235 2110
17" 1825 1980 2280 2288 2334 1918 1938 1755 2318 2241 2160
16" 1780 1987 2316 2276 2283 1887 1934 1702 2252 2166 2129
15" 1799 1967 2304 2294 2275 1916 1873 1738 2240 2229 2127
14" 1783 1963 2230 2298 2244 1885 1951 1751 2243 2250 2105
13" 1749 1889 2181 2220 2227 1852 1886 1698 2245 2191 2071
12" 1750 1881 2168 2204 2163 1843 1811 1699 2144 2138 2052
11" 1709 1835 2079 2097 2135 1788 1845 1652 2093 2146 1989
10" 1687 1817 2060 2144 2102 1791 1772 1643 2069 2065 1951
9" 1672 1759 2000 2061 2018 1723 1772 1630 1966 2024 1924
8" 1594 1706 1950 2012 1979 1650 1696 1536 1977 1928 1803
7" 1529 1617 1887 1904 1879 1626 1606 1525 1821 1818 1763
6" 1484 1575 1763 1804 1821 1526 1544 1454 1740 1824 1694
5" 1355 1474 1672 1723 1657 1433 1477 1307 1602 1670 1575
4" 1248 1353 1510 1504 1457 1287 1269 1239 1379 1492 1454
3" 1089 1160 1236 1336 1228 1101 1117 1049 1153 1308 1288
2" 887 946 884 1085 895 899 853 843 962 1114 n/a


.25 ACP

The velocity and barrel length data for .25 ACP found below, was sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

Barrel Length American Eagle 50 gr. TMJ Winchester .45 gr. Expanding Point Winchester 50 gr. FMJ
18" 1049 1001 978
17" 997 996 980
16" 1005 977 1026
15" 999 991 1032
14" 1016 986 1057
13" 1003 996 1023
12" 1015 979 1014
11" 1023 999 1001
10" 1025 994 997
9" 982 951 1005
8" 1000 951 982
7" 1003 970 1007
6" 963 939 983
5" 904 902 949
4" 847 896 942
3" 867 850 903
2" 753 816 780


.32 ACP

Below is a table of velocity / barrel length data for the .32 ACP cartridge. It has been sourced from the Ballistics by the Inch website.

Barrel Length Cor Bon 60 gr. JHP Federal 65 gr. Hydra-shok JHP Winchester 71 gr. FMJ Winchester 60 gr. Silvertip HP
18" 1394 902 865 941
17" 1358 982 941 1035
16" 1292 983 891 983
15" 1354 1037 990 985
14" 1325 1071 921 991
13" 1332 1009 976 1015
12" 1291 943 944 990
11" 1345 996 976 1023
10" 1332 945 971 999
9" 1302 944 976 990
8" 1305 964 996 1009
7" 1264 957 979 1018
6" 1242 1019 959 980
5" 1231 1012 973 967
4" 1157 939 939 933
3" 1074 893 871 874
2" 944 805 782 787


.32 H&R Magnum

Velocity by barrel length for .32 H&R Magnum - Information sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Federal 85 gr. JHP
18" 1260
17" 1186
16" 1155
15" 1224
14" 1211
13" 1221
12" 1233
11" 1219
10" 1201
9" 1223
8" 1201
7" 1156
6" 1134
5" 1114
4" 1031
3" 953
2" 845


.38 Special

Velocity by barrel length data for the .38 Special - Sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Cor Bon 110 gr. JHP Cor Bon 125 gr. JHP Cor Bon 110 gr. DPX Federal 125 gr. Hydra-shok JHP Speer 135 gr. Gold Dot HP 18" 1243 1190 1332 1247 n/a
17" 1211 1209 1298 1233 n/a
16" 1298 1261 1388 1252 1315
15" 1220 1210 1301 1231 1255
14" 1187 1180 1274 1214 1264
13" 1151 1182 1311 1199 1247
12" 1181 1164 1298 1192 1233
11" 1200 1144 1232 1178 1242
10" 1163 1135 1232 1182 1217
9" 1162 1129 1230 1144 1209
8" 1105 1092 1214 1119 1189
7" 1095 1069 1171 1094 1145
6" 1021 1014 1106 1052 1115
5" 1009 1045 1129 1029 1101
4" 1013 996 1084 954 1027
3" 851 854 963 831 892
2" 675 723 814 700 756


.357 Magnum

Velocity by barrel length data for the .357 Magnum - Information sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Cor Bon 110 gr. JHP Cor Bon 125 gr. JHP Cor Bon 140 gr. JHP Cor Bon 125 gr. DPX Federal 125 gr. JHP Federal 158 gr. JHP Federal 130 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP low recoil Federal 158 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP
18" 1718 2113 1941 1936 2072 1719 2017 1721
17" 1686 2067 1947 1907 2026 1689 2009 1712
16" 1790 2119 2004 1946 2051 1739 2044 1741
15" 1728 2069 1942 1915 2032 1708 2012 1718
14" 1691 2054 1933 1897 2017 1732 1993 1715
13" 1682 2024 1916 1885 1979 1674 1984 1687
12" 1725 1994 1851 1858 1945 1654 1934 1679
11" 1667 1978 1814 1831 1973 1643 1922 1671
10" 1619 1943 1802 1804 1943 1630 1922 1638
9" 1615 1901 1745 1779 1881 1563 1812 1586
8" 1600 1851 1717 1728 1817 1570 1593
7" 1578 1784 1671 1682 1784 1516 1765 1536
6" 1461 1715 1580 1648 1702 1465 1662 1485
5" 1377 1614 1493 1552 1571 1373 1586 1402
4" 1286 1496 1394 1471 1511 1293 1453 1332
3" 1109 1257 1172 1271 1255 1102 1194 1122
2" 928 904 911 1050 949 858 919 914


9mm Luger

Also known as 9mm Parabellum, 9x19mm, etc. Data is from Ballistics by the Inch.

Barrel Length Cor-Bon 90 gr JHP +P Cor-Bon 115 gr JHP +P Cor-Bon 125 gr JHP +P Cor-Bon 115 gr DPX Federal 115 gr JHP Federal 135 gr Hydra-Shok JHP (low recoil) Federal 105 gr Expand'g FMJ Federal 124 gr Hydra-Shok JHP Federal 147 gr Hydra-Shok JHP Speer 124 gr Gold Dot Short Barrel
18" 1754 1543 1449 1458 1297 1194 1370 1231 1038 1395
17" 1766 1550 1421 1455 1320 1207 1381 1250 1096 1400
16" 1740 1525 1430 1476 1295 1185 1358 1243 1073 1379
15" 1768 1536 1392 1416 1304 1194 1364 1244 1090 1375
14" 1767 1532 1405 1440 1295 1182 1372 1241 1090 1390
13" 1738 1517 1477 1427 1281 1183 1343 1237 1081 1378
12" 1716 1514 1385 1380 1282 1184 1273 1225 1081 1361
11" 1690 1496 1372 1391 1268 1166 1318 1212 1059 1360
10" 1647 1474 1372 1379 1253 1167 1314 1211 1067 1338
9" 1663 1476 1369 1377 1238 1161 1307 1212 1055 1345
8" 1634 1458 1366 1366 1234 1145 1278 1180 1047 1329
7" 1619 1446 1329 1350 1223 1136 1258 1161 1040 1316
6" 1566 1402 1312 1332 1188 1113 1235 1131 1030 1284
5" 1539 1372 1282 1315 1166 1085 1194 1115 1007 1259
4" 1444 1316 1226 1265 1094 1039 1140 1061 951 1203
3" 1345 1245 1170 1215 1029 976 1074 988 902 1108
2" 1215 1134 1061 1132 948 909 985 900 837 1074

Best Barrel Length For 9mm?

Based on the data above, it appears that almost all loads tested got their greatest percentage increase in velocity up until about a 7" barrel length. Velocity did of course increase further with longer barrels, but to a much smaller degree. For example, going from a 4" barrel to 7" (a 3 inch difference), every load got well over a 100 fps increase in velocity. However, going a full 10 inches longer up to a 17" barrel gained most of the tested loads under 100 feet per second in velocity. In fact, going from a 17 inch barrel up to 18 inches, actually LOST velocity in all but two of the loads, although the decrease was negligible.

It appears that overall, the optimal barrel length for 9mm (for something like an AR-15 pistol build, SBR, or similar setup), is about 7 to 8 inches for maximum efficiency and handling. If you still wanted to maintain an ultra-short setup with a suppressor, you could go even shorter with barrel length, as the additional length of the suppressor will increase velocity. Even at 7-8" barrel, the additional length of a suppressor would still allow the pistol or SBR to remain more compact than a 16" barrel. A 7" barrel with a 7" suppressor would still give an overall length of 14 inches. If you were looking for a rifle setup, there appears to be no major reason to go above the federal 16" barrel requirement, unless local laws differ, or whatever the case may be.


9x18mm Makarov

Velocity by barrel length for 9x18mm Makarov - From Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Glaser 70 gr. Pow'r Ball Hornady 95 gr. XTP
18" 1503 1075
17" 1493 1082
16" 1463 1112
15" 1475 1100
14" 1459 1106
13" 1463 1076
12" 1464 1081
11" 1432 1068
10" 1419 1063
9" 1404 1054
8" 1389 1041
7" 1357 1028
6" 1310 988
5" 1316 973
4" 1237 965
3" 1152 890
2" 1068 831


9x18mm Ultra

Velocity by barrel length for 9x18mm Ultra - Data sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Fiocchi 100 gr. FMJTC
18" 1201
17" 1229
16" 1233
15" 1221
14" 1233
13" 1225
12" 1214
11" 1211
10" 1185
9" 1148
8" 1139
7" 1136
6" 1098
5" 1085
4" 1019
3" 938
2" 860


.40 S&W

Velocity by barrel length data for .40 Smith & Wesson - Sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Cor Bon 135 gr. JHP Cor Bon 150 gr. JHP Cor Bon 165 gr. JHP Cor Bon 140 gr. DPX Federal 135 gr. expand'g FMJ Federal 180 gr. JHP Federal 135 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP low recoil Federal 180 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP Federal 165 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP Federal 155 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP Speer 180 gr. Gold Dot Short Barrel
18" 1662 1457 1378 1442 1411 1165 1425 1189 1117 1355 1105
17" 1650 1498 1387 1460 1403 1196 1414 1207 1133 1346 1133
16" 1636 1464 1351 1433 1398 1142 1398 1175 1084 1317 1143
15" 1672 1478 1392 1438 1421 1165 1398 1181 1114 1341 1149
14" 1649 1460 1377 1448 1382 1156 1401 1170 1128 1337 1134
13" 1630 1429 1379 1393 1385 1148 1392 1160 1132 1327 1137
12" 1618 1438 1341 1414 1373 1120 1371 1163 1123 1313 1143
11" 1591 1408 1350 1403 1359 1124 1355 1132 1103 1300 1124
10" 1587 1405 1329 1392 1345 1123 1338 1148 1124 1294 1125
9" 1555 1406 1297 1382 1349 1113 1342 1133 1096 1297 1136
8" 1537 1382 1293 1384 1314 1104 1318 1115 1096 1257 1099
7" 1514 1354 1272 1368 1305 1084 1288 1092 1064 1241 1101
6" 1476 1340 1251 1328 1281 1067 1267 1081 1052 1209 1068
5" 1453 1303 1225 1308 1233 1047 1225 1051 1038 1190 1053
4" 1350 1240 1164 1236 1201 1016 1155 1022 985 1126 1011
3" 1212 1169 1085 1190 1152 962 1080 964 924 1065 979
2" 1117 1071 998 1093 1032 905 964 892 869 972 930


.44 Special

Velocity by barrel length data for .44 Special. From Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Cor Bon 165 gr. JHP Cor Bon 200 gr. DPX
18" 1353 1286
17" 1377 1339
16" 1338 1307
15" 1339 1315
14" 1327 1298
13" 1351 1290
12" 1314 1234
11" 1289 1250
10" 1296 1263
9" 1224 1215
8" 1237 1210
7" 1184 1146
6" 1133 1098
5" 1102 1084
4" 1013 972
3" 906 859
2" 854 713


== .44 Magnum

Velocity by barrel length for the .44 Magnum - Data from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Cor Bon 165 gr. JHP Cor Bon 225 gr. DPX Federal 240 gr. Hydra-Shok JHP Speer 200 gr. Gold Dot Short-bbl HP
18" 1558 1540 1643 1341
17" 1590 1563 1629 1354
16" 1552 1532 1619 1377
15" 1564 1550 1645 1361
14" 1541 1506 1623 1358
13" 1549 1495 1608 1341
12" 1514 1474 1579 1353
11" 1497 1472 1584 1315
10" 1501 1467 1571 1319
9" 1438 1447 1535 1278
8" 1433 1387 1497 1282
7" 1385 1385 1462 1251
6" 1321 1320 1380 1197
5" 1270 1301 1367 1170
4" 1150 1250 1251 1099
3" 1015 1095 1095 964
2" 952 951 944 833


.45 ACP

The .45 ACP velocity and barrel length data below is sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

Barrel Length Buffalo Bore 185 gr. FMJ Flat Nose (Std. P) Buffalo Bore 230 gr. FMJ RN (Std. P) Buffalo Bore 185 gr. JHP (+P) Buffalo Bore 230 gr. JHP (+P) Double Tap 160 gr. Barnes "TAC-XP" (+P) Federal 230 gr. "HST" JHP (Std. P) G2 Research 162 gr. "RIP" JHP (Std. P Hornady 185 gr. FTX Critical Defense (Std. P) Hornady 220 gr. Flexlock Critical Duty (+P) Liberty Civil Defense 78 gr. JHP (+P)
18" 1031 985 1398 1161 1457 926 1074 1210 1057 2230
16" 1024 1016 1438 1163 1442 n/a n/a 1214 1077 n/a
14" 1008 996 1399 1148 1451 n/a n/a 1196 1066 n/a
12" 976 996 1357 1129 1410 924 1057 1183 1063 2153
10" 909 955 1326 1110 1334 n/a n/a 1151 1059 n/a
9" 916 952 1308 1097 1270 n/a n/a 1135 1040 n/a
8" 921 944 1286 1094 1280 n/a n/a 1123 1035 n/a
7" 891 923 1257 1075 1224 n/a n/a 1100 1026 n/a
6" 867 923 1236 1062 1245 n/a n/a 1089 1017 n/a
5" 854 880 1196 1016 1208 896 990 1041 985 1865
4" 820 845 1135 981 1143 838 953 994 951 1823
3" 722 800 1063 907 1049 789 914 906 907 1672

.460 Rowland

The .460 Rowland is essentially a magnum cartridge of the .45 ACP, meant to create and handle much higher pressures for a significant increase in performance. It is meant to replicate .44 Magnum performance in a .45 ACP semi-automatic handgun.

The data below is sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

Barrel Length Cor-Bon Hunter 230 gr. JHP
18" 1356
17" 1366
16" 1354
15" 1352
14" 1342
13" 1344
12" 1314
11" 1293
10" 1335
9" 1303
8" 1299
7" 1273
6" 1261
5" 1208
4" 1124
3" 1082
2" 974


.45 Colt

Velocity by barrel length for the .45 Colt cartridge - Data sourced from Ballistics by the Inch.

barrel length Cor Bon 200 gr. JHP +P Cor Bon 225 gr. DPX +P Federal 225 gr. semi-wadcutter Lead HP
18" 1275 1482 1042
17" 1254 1464 1050
16" 1245 1483 1060
15" 1239 1494 1045
14" 1238 1454 1034
13" 1244 1431 1031
12" 1179 1420 1005
11" 1198 1406 1000
10" 1180 1387 1000
9" 1154 1356 965
8" 1140 1340 947
7" 1090 1278 925
6" 1043 1210 891
5" 957 1157 847
4" 875 1093 757
3" 775 936 684
2" 675 778 609